Biography Michael Lipnick, M.D. is an anesthesiologist and intensivist at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital. He is a graduate of the UCSF School of Medicine and completed residency programs in Internal Medicine at Harvard’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Anesthesia at UCSF as well as Critical Care Fellowship at UCSF. Michael’s interests center around the intersection on critical care, perioperative care, medical education and health equity. Michael co-founded the UCSF Center for Health Equity in Surgery and Anesthesia (CHESA - globalsurgery.org), opencriticalcare.org, oxygencalculator.org, and has helped lead multiple global health programs at UCSF including the Anesthesia Health Equity Fellowship Program, the HEAL Global Health Fellowship Program (healinitiative.org) and the UCSF IGHS Global Health Faculty Program. He is currently co-Director of the UCSF World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Emergency, Critical and Operative Care and is an Honorary Lecturer at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda where he has been part of a longstanding academic collaboration for >15 years. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Michael collaborated with USAID and multiple implementing partners to support critical care and oxygen ecosystem strengthening in multiple settings. Michael continues to pursue interests in physiology research as an investigator in the UCSF Hypoxia Lab and as the Dive Medical Officer at the California Academy of Sciences. He leads active research projects including impacts of skin pigment and perfusion on pulse oximetry performance (The OpenOximetry.org Project), tools for scaling oxygen infrastructure in resource-constrained settings, examining mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance and preconditioning, as well as outcomes in critically-ill patients with ARDS. Role Faculty Location Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital Category Clinical Research Specialties Critical Care Medicine Global Health Equity Education 2020 - Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training, University of California, San Francisco, CACritical Care Fellowship, 2015 - , University of California, San FranciscoAnesthesia Residency, 2014 - , University of California, San FranciscoInternal Medicine Residency, 2011 - , Harvard Brigham & Women's Hospital2008 - Marine Physiology, Stanford UniversitySchool of Medicine, 2007 - , University of California, San Francisco Publications Evidence Against Use of Nitrogen for the Death Penalty. Bickler PE, Lipnick MS Challenges of Subjective Skin Color Scales: The Case for the Use of Objective Pigmentation Measurement Methods in Regulatory Pulse Oximetry Studies. Verkruysse W, Jaffe MB, Lipnick M, Zemouri C The Global Anesthesia Workforce Survey: Updates and Trends in the Anesthesia Workforce. Law TJ, Lipnick MS, Morriss W, Gelb AW, Mellin-Olsen J, Filipescu D, Rowles J, Rod P, Khan F, Yazbeck P, Zoumenou E, Ibarra P, Ranatunga K, Bulamba F, Collaborators The performance of 11 fingertip pulse oximeters during hypoxemia in healthy human participants with varied, quantified skin pigment. Leeb G, Auchus I, Law T, Bickler P, Feiner J, Hashi S, Monk E, Igaga E, Bernstein M, Chou YC, Hughes C, Schornack D, Lester J, Moore K, Okunlola O, Fernandez J, Shmuylovich L, Lipnick M Low Perfusion and Missed Diagnosis of Hypoxemia by Pulse Oximetry in Darkly Pigmented Skin: A Prospective Study. Gudelunas MK, Lipnick M, Hendrickson C, Vanderburg S, Okunlola B, Auchus I, Feiner JR, Bickler PE Capnography-An Essential Monitor, Everywhere: A Narrative Review. Wollner EA, Nourian MM, Bertille KK, Wake PB, Lipnick MS, Whitaker DK Quantifying pulse oximeter accuracy during hypoxemia and severe anemia using an in vitro circulation system. Gylys R, Feiner J, Pologe J, Delianides T, Sutter S, Bickler P, Lipnick MS Living the work: the HEAL Initiative as a model for perioperative health workforce transformation and health equity work. Percy S, Sahi S, Bua E, Shamasunder S, Lipnick M, Law T Availability of information needed to evaluate algorithmic fairness - A systematic review of publicly accessible critical care databases. Fong N, Langnas E, Law T, Reddy M, Lipnick M, Pirracchio R A Cross-Sectional Survey of Anesthetic Airway Equipment and Airway Management Practices in Uganda. Bulamba F, Connelly S, Richards S, Lipnick MS, Gelb AW, Igaga EN, Nabukenya MT, Wabule A, Hewitt-Smith A Oxygen saturation targets for adults with acute hypoxemia in low and lower-middle income countries: a scoping review with analysis of contextual factors. Herbst A, Goel S, Beane A, Brotherton BJ, Dula D, Ely EW, Gordon SB, Haniffa R, Hedt-Gauthier B, Limbani F, Lipnick MS, Lyon S, Njoki C, Oduor P, Otieno G, Pisani L, Rylance J, Shrime MG, Uwamahoro DL, Vanderburg S, Waweru-Siika W, Twagirumugabe T, Riviello E Pulse Oximeter Bias and Inequities in Retrospective Studies--Now What? Moore KL, Gudelunas K, Lipnick MS, Bickler PE, Hendrickson CM Utilization of a Risk Stratification Tool and Volume-Based Cuff Leak Test to Assess Postextubation Stridor. Kallet RH, Matsushima A, Yoo S, Lipnick MS Respiratory Drive, Dyspnea, and Silent Hypoxemia: A Physiological Review in the Context of COVID-19. Kallet RH, Branson RD, Lipnick MS Treating COVID-19: Evolving approaches to evidence in a pandemic. Lee CK, Merriam LT, Pearson JC, Lipnick MS, McKleroy W, Kim EY Pulse Oximeter Performance, Racial Inequity, and the Work Ahead. Okunlola OE, Lipnick MS, Batchelder PB, Bernstein M, Feiner JR, Bickler PE The World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists Minimum Capnometer Specifications 2021-A Guide for Health Care Decision Makers. Gelb AW, McDougall RJ, Gore-Booth J, Mainland PA, WFSA Ad Hoc Capnometry Workgroup Diagnosis and Acute Management of COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. Kortz TB, Connolly E, Cohen CL, Cook RE, Jonas JA, Lipnick MS, Kissoon N Academic Global Surgery Curricula: Current Status and a Call for a More Equitable Approach. Jayaram A, Pawlak N, Kahanu A, Fallah P, Chung H, Valencia-Rojas N, Rodas EB, Abbaslou A, Alseidi A, Ameh EA, Bekele A, Casey K, Chu K, Dempsey R, Dodgion C, Jawa R, Jimenez MF, Johnson W, Krishnaswami S, Kwakye G, Lane R, Lakhoo K, Long K, Madani K, Nwariaku F, Nwomeh B, Price R, Roser S, Rees AB, Roy N, Ruzgar NM, Sacoto H, Sifri Z, Starr N, Swaroop M, Tarpley M, Tarpley J, Terfera G, Weiser T, Lipnick M, Nabukenya M, Ozgediz D, Jayaraman S Global surgery, obstetric, and anaesthesia indicator definitions and reporting: An Utstein consensus report. Davies JI, Gelb AW, Gore-Booth J, Martin J, Mellin-Olsen J, Åkerman C, Ameh EA, Biccard BM, Braut GS, Chu KM, Derbew M, Ersdal HL, Guzman JM, Hagander L, Haylock-Loor C, Holmer H, Johnson W, Juran S, Kassebaum NJ, Laerdal T, Leather AJM, Lipnick MS, Ljungman D, Makasa EM, Meara JG, Newton MW, Østergaard D, Reynolds T, Romanzi LJ, Santhirapala V, Shrime MG, Søreide K, Steinholt M, Suzuki E, Varallo JE, Visser GHA, Watters D, Weiser TG Factors affecting job choice among physician anesthesia providers in Uganda: a survey of income composition, discrete choice experiment, and implications for the decision to work rurally. Law TJ, Subhedar S, Bulamba F, O'Hara NN, Nabukenya MT, Sendagire C, Hewitt-Smith A, Lipnick MS, Tumukunde J Combating information chaos: a case for collaborative clinical guidelines in a pandemic. Cohen CL, Walker KH, Hsiang M, Sonenthal PD, Riviello ED, Rouhani SA, Lipnick MS, Merriam LT, Kim EY Expiratory Pause Maneuver to Assess Inspiratory Muscle Pressure During Assisted Mechanical Ventilation: A Bench Study. Kallet RH, Phillips JS, Summers TJ, Burns G, Pangilinan L, Carothers L, Mangalindan ER, Lipnick MS Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, Ch 107 Diving Medicine Lipnick MS and Van Hoesen K. ARDS Outcomes in Non-Research Subjects Assessed by Generalized Prospective Trial Eligibility Criteria and Adherence to Lung-Protective Ventilation. Kallet RH, Lipnick MS, Pirracchio R Anaesthesia facility evaluation : a Whatsapp survey of hospitals in Burundi. G.C. Sund, M.S. Lipnick, T.J. Law, E.A. Wollner, G.E. Rwibuka "Silent" Presentation of Hypoxemia and Cardiorespiratory Compensation in COVID-19. Bickler PE, Feiner JR, Lipnick MS, McKleroy W Assessment of Anesthesia Capacity in Public Surgical Hospitals in Guatemala. Zha Y, Truché P, Izquierdo E, Zimmerman K, de Izquierdo S, Lipnick MS, Law TJ, Gelb AW, Evans FM The Work Is All Around Us: Health Equity in Anesthesiology - From Local to Regional to International. Samuel Percy, Bunmi Okunlola, Elliot Wollner, Edward Medina, Michael S. Lipnick, Fred Bulamba The Nature of Recruitment and De-Recruitment and Its Implications for Management of ARDS. Kallet RH, Lipnick MS, Burns GD End-Tidal-to-Arterial PCO2 Ratio as Signifier for Physiologic Dead-Space Ratio and Oxygenation Dysfunction in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Kallet RH, Lipnick MS Addressing the gaps in mental health care for internally displaced persons. Sabhlok SR, Pender V, Mauer E, Lipnick MS, Kaur G Management and Outcomes of Critically-III Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia at a Safety-net Hospital in San Francisco, a Region with Early Public Health Interventions: A Case Series. Vanderburg S, Alipanah N, Crowder R, Yoon C, Wang R, Thakur N, Slown K, Shete PB, Rofael M, Metcalfe JZ, Merrifield C, Marquez C, Malcolm K, Lipnick M, Jain V, Gomez A, Burns G, Brown LB, Berger C, Auyeung V, Cattamanchi A, Hendrickson CM Why every anesthesia trainee should receive global health equity education. Wollner E, Law T, Sullivan K, Lipnick MS Impact of capnography on patient safety in high- and low-income settings: a scoping review. Wollner E, Nourian MM, Booth W, Conover S, Law T, Lilaonitkul M, Gelb AW, Lipnick MS Towards high-quality peri-operative care: a global perspective. Santhirapala V, Peden CJ, Meara JG, Biccard BM, Gelb AW, Johnson WD, Lipnick MS, Makasa EM, Martin J, Maswime S, Mellin-Olsen J, McClain CD The path to safe and accessible anaesthesia care. Law TJ, Lipnick M, Joshi M, Rath GP, Gelb AW Design, implementation and long-term follow-up of a context specific trauma training course in Uganda: Lessons learned and future directions. Ullrich SJ, Kilyewala C, Lipnick MS, Cheung M, Namugga M, Muwanguzi P, DeWane MP, Muzira A, Tumukunde J, Kabagambe M, Kebba N, Galukande M, Mabweijano J, Ozgediz D Miller's Anesthesia, Ch 2 Anesthesia and Analgesia in the Global Context Lipnick MS, Miller R, Gelb A Anesthesia Provider Training and Practice Models: A Survey of Africa. Law TJ, Bulamba F, Ochieng JP, Edgcombe H, Thwaites V, Hewitt-Smith A, Zoumenou E, Lilaonitkul M, Gelb AW, Workneh RS, Banguti PM, Bould D, Rod P, Rowles J, Lobo F, Lipnick MS, Global Anesthesia Workforce Study Group Characteristics of Nonpulmonary Organ Dysfunction at Onset of ARDS Based on the Berlin Definition. Kallet RH, Lipnick MS, Zhuo H, Pangilinan LP, Gomez A Feasibility of Simulation-Based Medical Education in a Low-Income Country: Challenges and Solutions From a 3-year Pilot Program in Uganda. Bulamba F, Sendagire C, Kintu A, Hewitt-Smith A, Musana F, Lilaonitkul M, Ayebale ET, Law T, Dubowitz G, Kituuka O, Lipnick MS Reconfiguring a One-Way Street: A Position Paper on Why and How to Improve Equity in Global Physician Training. Hudspeth JC, Rabin TL, Dreifuss BA, Schaaf M, Lipnick MS, Russ CM, Autry AM, Pitt MB, Rowthorn V Chapter 75 Regional Anesthesia in Resource-Constrained Environments. Michael S. Lipnick, Gerald Dubowitz, Agnes Wabule The global capnography gap: a call to action. Lipnick MS, Mavoungou P, Gelb AW Surgical outcomes in eastern Uganda: a one-year cohort study A Hewitt-Smith,F Bulamba, C Olupot, F Musana, JP Ochieng, MS Lipnick, RM Pearse Pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange characteristics in uncommon etiologies of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Kallet RH, Ho K, Lipnick MS, Matthay MA Comparison of Transcranial Doppler and Ultrasound-Tagged Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Measuring Relative Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow in Human Subjects. Lipnick MS, Cahill EA, Feiner JR, Bickler PE Is there still a role for alveolar recruitment maneuvers in acute respiratory distress syndrome? Kallet RH, Lipnick MS Spontaneous Breathing Trials and Conservative Sedation Practices Reduce Mechanical Ventilation Duration in Subjects With ARDS. Kallet RH, Zhuo H, Yip V, Gomez A, Lipnick MS The Need for a Global Perspective on Task-Sharing in Anesthesia. Lipnick MS, Bulamba F, Ttendo S, Gelb AW Lung Injury Etiology and Other Factors Influencing the Relationship Between Dead-Space Fraction and Mortality in ARDS. Kallet RH, Zhuo H, Ho K, Lipnick MS, Gomez A, Matthay MA Severity of Hypoxemia and Other Factors That Influence the Response to Aerosolized Prostacyclin in ARDS. Kallet RH, Burns G, Zhuo H, Ho K, Phillips JS, Pangilinan LP, Yip V, Gomez A, Lipnick MS Evolving State of Global Health Education for Anesthesiology Trainees. Sheida Tabaie, Gunisha Kaur, Maytinee Lilaonitkul, Eric Brumberger, Gerald Dubowitz, Michael S. Lipnick Feasibility of the modified sequential organ function assessment score in a resource-constrained setting: a prospective observational study. Sendagire C, Lipnick MS, Kizito S, Kruisselbrink R, Obua D, Ejoku J, Ssemogerere L, Nakibuuka J, Kwizera A Effects of Acute, Profound Hypoxia on Healthy Humans: Implications for Safety of Tests Evaluating Pulse Oximetry or Tissue Oximetry Performance. Bickler PE, Feiner JR, Lipnick MS, Batchelder P, MacLeod DB, Severinghaus JW Auerbach's Wilderness Medicine, Ch 105 Pre Trip Preparation Lipnick MS, Lewin M Novel global health fellowship model for anesthesia, obstetrics & gynecology and surgery. M.S. Lipnick, E. Ayebale, F. Lester, M. Autry, S. Shamasunder, P.V. Le The Accuracy of 6 Inexpensive Pulse Oximeters Not Cleared by the Food and Drug Administration: The Possible Global Public Health Implications. Lipnick MS, Feiner JR, Au P, Bernstein M, Bickler PE Intensive care unit mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: The modified sequential organ function assessment score. Cornelius Sendagire, Michael Lipnick, Daniel Obua, Jane Nakibuuka, Joseph Ejoku Research in surgery and anesthesia: challenges for post-graduate trainees in Uganda. Elobu AE, Kintu A, Galukande M, Kaggwa S, Mijjumbi C, Tindimwebwa J, Roche A, Dubowitz G, Ozgediz D, Lipnick M Effect of temperature acclimation on red blood cell oxygen affinity in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Lilly LE, Bonaventura J, Lipnick MS, Block BA Organization and optimization of global health resources for US medical trainees: The Global Health Hub Resource Page Project. E. Park, K. Pettersen, M.S. Lipnick Evaluating international global health collaborations: perspectives from surgery and anesthesia trainees in Uganda. Elobu AE, Kintu A, Galukande M, Kaggwa S, Mijjumbi C, Tindimwebwa J, Roche A, Dubowitz G, Ozgediz D, Lipnick M Accuracy of the Lifebox pulse oximeter during hypoxia in healthy volunteers. Dubowitz G, Breyer K, Lipnick M, Sall JW, Feiner J, Ikeda K, MacLeod DB, Bickler PE Surgery and anesthesia capacity-building in resource-poor settings: description of an ongoing academic partnership in Uganda. Lipnick M, Mijumbi C, Dubowitz G, Kaggwa S, Goetz L, Mabweijano J, Jayaraman S, Kwizera A, Tindimwebwa J, Ozgediz D The difference between critical care initiation anion gap and prehospital admission anion gap is predictive of mortality in critical illness. Lipnick MS, Braun AB, Cheung JT, Gibbons FK, Christopher KB Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Flaxman AD, Michaud C, Ezzati M, Shibuya K, Salomon JA, Abdalla S, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Ackerman I, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Ali MK, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Bahalim AN, Barker-Collo S, Barrero LH, Bartels DH, Basáñez MG, Baxter A, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bernabé E, Bhalla K, Bhandari B, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Black JA, Blencowe H, Blore JD, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Bonaventure A, Boufous S, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Braithwaite T, Brayne C, Bridgett L, Brooker S, Brooks P, Brugha TS, Bryan-Hancock C, Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Buckle G, Budke CM, Burch M, Burney P, Burstein R, Calabria B, Campbell B, Canter CE, Carabin H, Carapetis J, Carmona L, Cella C, Charlson F, Chen H, Cheng AT, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahiya M, Dahodwala N, Damsere-Derry J, Danaei G, Davis A, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Dellavalle R, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Derrett S, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dherani M, Diaz-Torne C, Dolk H, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Edmond K, Elbaz A, Ali SE, Erskine H, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ewoigbokhan SE, Farzadfar F, Feigin V, Felson DT, Ferrari A, Ferri CP, Fèvre EM, Finucane MM, Flaxman S, Flood L, Foreman K, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabbe BJ, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Ganatra HA, Garcia B, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gmel G, Gonzalez-Medina D, Gosselin R, Grainger R, Grant B, Groeger J, Guillemin F, Gunnell D, Gupta R, Haagsma J, Hagan H, Halasa YA, Hall W, Haring D, Haro JM, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Higashi H, Hill C, Hoen B, Hoffman H, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Huang JJ, Ibeanusi SE, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jarvis D, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Jonas JB, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Kawakami N, Keren A, Khoo JP, King CH, Knowlton LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Laden F, Lalloo R, Laslett LL, Lathlean T, Leasher JL, Lee YY, Leigh J, Levinson D, Lim SS, Limb E, Lin JK, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Liu W, Loane M, Ohno SL, Lyons R, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L, Manivannan S, Marcenes W, March L, Margolis DJ, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, McGill N, McGrath J, Medina-Mora ME, Meltzer M, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Meyer AC, Miglioli V, Miller M, Miller TR, Mitchell PB, Mock C, Mocumbi AO, Moffitt TE, Mokdad AA, Monasta L, Montico M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moran A, Morawska L, Mori R, Murdoch ME, Mwaniki MK, Naidoo K, Nair MN, Naldi L, Narayan KM, Nelson PK, Nelson RG, Nevitt MC, Newton CR, Nolte S, Norman P, Norman R, O'Donnell M, O'Hanlon S, Olives C, Omer SB, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Page A, Pahari B, Pandian JD, Rivero AP, Patten SB, Pearce N, Padilla RP, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Phillips D, Phillips MR, Pierce K, Pion S, Polanczyk GV, Polinder S, Pope CA, Popova S, Porrini E, Pourmalek F, Prince M, Pullan RL, Ramaiah KD, Ranganathan D, Razavi H, Regan M, Rehm JT, Rein DB, Remuzzi G, Richardson K, Rivara FP, Roberts T, Robinson C, De Leòn FR, Ronfani L, Room R, Rosenfeld LC, Rushton L, Sacco RL, Saha S, Sampson U, Sanchez-Riera L, Sanman E, Schwebel DC, Scott JG, Segui-Gomez M, Shahraz S, Shepard DS, Shin H, Shivakoti R, Singh D, Singh GM, Singh JA, Singleton J, Sleet DA, Sliwa K, Smith E, Smith JL, Stapelberg NJ, Steer A, Steiner T, Stolk WA, Stovner LJ, Sudfeld C, Syed S, Tamburlini G, Tavakkoli M, Taylor HR, Taylor JA, Taylor WJ, Thomas B, Thomson WM, Thurston GD, Tleyjeh IM, Tonelli M, Towbin JA, Truelsen T, Tsilimbaris MK, Ubeda C, Undurraga EA, van der Werf MJ, van Os J, Vavilala MS, Venketasubramanian N, Wang M, Wang W, Watt K, Weatherall DJ, Weinstock MA, Weintraub R, Weisskopf MG, Weissman MM, White RA, Whiteford H, Wiebe N, Wiersma ST, Wilkinson JD, Williams HC, Williams SR, Witt E, Wolfe F, Woolf AD, et al Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Barker-Collo S, Bartels DH, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bhalla K, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Boufous S, Bucello C, Burch M, Burney P, Carapetis J, Chen H, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahodwala N, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ezzati M, Feigin V, Flaxman AD, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Franklin R, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gonzalez-Medina D, Halasa YA, Haring D, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Hoen B, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Keren A, Khoo JP, Knowlton LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Ohno SL, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Mallinger L, March L, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, McGrath J, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Michaud C, Miller M, Miller TR, Mock C, Mocumbi AO, Mokdad AA, Moran A, Mulholland K, Nair MN, Naldi L, Narayan KM, Nasseri K, Norman P, O'Donnell M, Omer SB, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Pahari B, Pandian JD, Rivero AP, Padilla RP, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Phillips D, Pierce K, Pope CA, Porrini E, Pourmalek F, Raju M, Ranganathan D, Rehm JT, Rein DB, Remuzzi G, Rivara FP, Roberts T, De León FR, Rosenfeld LC, Rushton L, Sacco RL, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Sanman E, Schwebel DC, Segui-Gomez M, Shepard DS, Singh D, Singleton J, Sliwa K, Smith E, Steer A, Taylor JA, Thomas B, Tleyjeh IM, Towbin JA, Truelsen T, Undurraga EA, Venketasubramanian N, Vijayakumar L, Vos T, Wagner GR, Wang M, Wang W, Watt K, Weinstock MA, Weintraub R, Wilkinson JD, Woolf AD, Wulf S, Yeh PH, Yip P, Zabetian A, Zheng ZJ, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. 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