Biography Director, Neuromodulation Service, Division of Pain Medicine Role Faculty Location UCSF at Mission Bay Category Clinical Specialties Pain Medicine Education 2019 - Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training, University of Californiafellowship, 07/2002 - Pain Medicine, University of Californiaresidency, 12/2000 - anesthesia, Stanford School of MedicineMD, 06/1997 - medicine, Stanford School of Medicinepost-doc, 12/1989 - Biomedical Engeneering, Johns HopkinsPhD, 06/1988 - Toxicology / Neuroscience, University of CaliforniaMPH, 12/1984 - Environmental Health, University of CaliforniaBA, 6/1981 - pharmacology, University of California Publications ID: 330357 Physiologic ECAP-controlled Closed-Loop Technology in SCS: 10-Years of Innovation and Future Clinical Utility. Lawrence Poree, Peter Staats ID: 334564 EEG Signatures of Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Dosing and Mechanism of Action Study. Chad Sitgraves, Prasad Shirvalkar, Lawrence Poree ID: 338115 Post-Graduate Certification in Neuromodulation and Pain Management (PGCert) – University Accreditation in Neuromodulation. Gaurav Bajaj, Marc Russo, Serge Nikolic, Habib Ellamushi, Stana Bojanic, James Fitzgerald, Sam Eldabe, ASHISH GULVE, Ganesan Baranidharan, Philippe Rigoard, Frank Huygen, Jan Willem Kallewaard, Paresh Doshi, Preeti Doshi, Babita Ghai, Lawrence Poree, Christopher Gilligan, Vivek Mehta, Kavita Poply, Kiran Patel, Alaa Abd-Elsayed, Salim Hayek ID: 341437 Remote Management of SCS Devices for Chronic Pain: Update on Expert Recommendations and Available Evidence. Peter Staats, Timothy Deer, Corey Hunter, Sean Li, David Dickerson, Erika Petersen, Leonardo Kapural, Shravani Durbhakula, Christopher Gilligan, Konstantin Slavin, Jason Pope, Kasra Amirdelfan, Lawrence Poree, Ramana Naidu, Robert Levy Low-energy differential target multiplexed SCS derivative reduces pain and improves quality of life through 12 months in patients with chronic back and/or leg pain. Peacock J, Provenzano D, Fishman M, Amirdelfan K, Bromberg T, Schmidt T, White T, Grewal P, Justiz R, Calodney A, El-Naggar A, Shah B, Esposito M, Gatzinsky K, Kallewaard JW, Poree L, Cleland A, Rice C, Theis E, Noel K, LaRue M Socioeconomic Determinants of Initiating Neuromodulation for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review. Moens M, Pilitsis JG, Poree L, Azurin Y, Billot M, Roulaud M, Rigoard P, Goudman L The Neurostimulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC)®: Recommendations for the Mitigation of Complications of Neurostimulation. Deer TR, Russo MA, Sayed D, Pope JE, Grider JS, Hagedorn JM, Falowski SM, Al-Kaisy A, Slavin KV, Li S, Poree LR, Eldabe S, Meier K, Lamer TJ, Pilitsis JG, De Andrés J, Perruchoud C, Carayannopoulos AG, Moeschler SM, Hadanny A, Lee E, Varshney VP, Desai MJ, Pahapill P, Osborn J, Bojanic S, Antony A, Piedimonte F, Hayek SM, Levy RM The Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference (PACC)®: Intrathecal Drug Delivery Guidance on Safety and Therapy Optimization When Treating Chronic Noncancer Pain. Deer TR, Hayek SM, Grider JS, Hagedorn JM, McDowell GC, Kim P, Dupoiron D, Goel V, Duarte R, Pilitsis JG, Leong MS, De Andrés J, Perruchoud C, Sukumaran H, Abd-Elsayed A, Saulino M, Patin D, Poree LR, Strand N, Gritsenko K, Osborn JA, Dones I, Bux A, Shah JM, Lindsey BL, Shaw E, Yaksh TL, Levy RM ECAP-controlled closed-loop versus open-loop SCS for the treatment of chronic pain: 36-month results of the EVOKE blinded randomized clinical trial. Mekhail NA, Levy RM, Deer TR, Kapural L, Li S, Amirdelfan K, Pope JE, Hunter CW, Rosen SM, Costandi SJ, Falowski SM, Burgher AH, Gilmore CA, Qureshi FA, Staats PS, Scowcroft J, McJunkin T, Carlson J, Kim CK, Yang MI, Stauss T, Petersen EA, Hagedorn JM, Rauck R, Kallewaard JW, Baranidharan G, Taylor RS, Poree L, Brounstein D, Duarte RV, Gmel GE, Gorman R, Gould I, Hanson E, Karantonis DM, Khurram A, Leitner A, Mugan D, Obradovic M, Ouyang Z, Parker J, Single P, Soliday N, EVOKE Study Group Percutaneous image-guided lumbar decompression and outpatient laminectomy for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis: a 2-year Medicare claims benchmark study. Staats PS, Dorsi MJ, Reece DE, Strand NH, Poree L, Hagedorn JM Durable multimodal and holistic response for physiologic closed-loop spinal cord stimulation supported by objective evidence from the EVOKE double-blind randomized controlled trial. Kapural L, Mekhail NA, Costandi S, Gilmore C, Pope JE, Li S, Hunter CW, Poree L, Staats PS, Taylor RS, Eldabe S, Kallewaard JW, Thomson S, Petersen EA, Sayed D, Deer TR, Antony A, Budwany R, Leitner A, Soliday N, Duarte RV, Levy RM Neurophysiological outcomes that sustained clinically significant improvements over 3 years of physiologic ECAP-controlled closed-loop spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain. Mekhail NA, Levy RM, Deer TR, Kapural L, Li S, Amirdelfan K, Hunter CW, Rosen SM, Costandi SJ, Falowski SM, Burgher AH, Pope JE, Gilmore CA, Qureshi FA, Staats PS, Scowcroft J, McJunkin T, Kim CK, Yang MI, Stauss T, Rauck R, Duarte RV, Soliday N, Leitner A, Hanson E, Ouyang Z, Mugan D, Poree L Disease applications of spinal cord stimulation: Chronic nonmalignant pain. Sammartino F, MacDonell J, North RB, Krishna V, Poree L EP127 / #260 QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY LONDON POSTGRADUATE CERTIFICATION (PGCERT): AN ACCREDITATION IN NEUROMODULATION AND PAIN MANAGEMENT EPOSTER VIEWING: AS18 - OTHER. Gaurav Bajaj, Philippe Rigoard, Jan-Willem Kallewaard, Frank Huygen, Ashish Gulve, Ganesan Baranidharan, Sam Eldabe, James Fitzgerald, Serge Nikolic, Stana Bojanic, Habib Ellamushi, Paresh Doshi, Preeti Doshi, Babita Ghai, Marc Russo, Lawrence Poree, Alaa Abd-Elsayed, Salim Hayek, Ahmed Raslan, Christopher Gilligan, Kiran Patel, Kavita Poply, Vivek Mehta O001 / #40 ADVANCED APPLICATIONS OF EVOKED COMPOUND ACTION POTENTIAL SENSING: QUANTIFYING MECHANISTIC AND DOSING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BURST AND CONVENTIONAL SPINAL CORD STIMULATION IN OVINES Oral Communications ORAL COMMUNICATIONS 1 01-09-2023 17:35 - 18:3 David Dinsmoor, Lawrence Poree Device profile of the Evoke physiologic closed-loop spinal cord stimulation system for the treatment of chronic intractable pain: overview of its safety and efficacy. Poree L, Foster A, Staats PS Closing the loop and raising the bar: Automated control systems in neuromodulation. Su PP, Arle J, Poree L Remote Management of Spinal Cord Stimulation Devices for Chronic Pain: Expert Recommendations on Best Practices for Proper Utilization and Future Considerations. Staats P, Deer TR, Hunter C, Li S, Dickerson D, Petersen E, Kapural L, Durbhakula S, Gilligan C, Slavin KV, Pope J, Amirdelfan K, Poree L, Naidu R, Levy RM Real World Clinical Utility of Neurophysiological Measurement Utilizing Closed-Loop Spinal Cord Stimulation in a Chronic Pain Population: The ECAP Study Protocol. Leitner A, Hanson E, Soliday N, Staats P, Levy R, Pope J, Kallewaard JW, Doleys D, Li S, Weisbein J, Amirdelfan K, Poree L In Memory of Gary Heit: Pioneer and Humanitarian. Sedrak M, Poree LR ID: 200986 Quantifying Differential Neural Activation With Burst and Conventional Stimulation Using Spinal Evoked Compound Action Potentials. David Dinsmoor, Joshua Usoro, Noah Barka, Tina Billstrom, Leonid Litvak, Lawrence Poree ID: 218414 Queen Mary University London Postgraduate Certification in Neuromodulation- Accreditation in Neuromodulation. Kavita Poply, Phillippe Rigoard, Jan Kallewaard, Frank J.P.M. Huygen, Ashish Gulve, Ganesan Baranidharan, Sam ELDABE, James Fitzgerald, Serge Nikolic, Stana Bojanic, Habib Ellamushi, Paresh Doshi, Preeti Doshi, Babita Ghai, Marc Russo, Lawrence Poree, Alia Ahmad, Alaa Abd Sayed, Salim Hayek, Christopher Gilligan, Vivek Mehta ID: 221565 EEG Signatures of Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Dosing and Mechanism of Action Study. Chad Sitgraves, Prasad Shirvalkar, Lawrence Poree Percutaneous image-guided lumbar decompression and interspinous spacers for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis: A 2-year Medicare Claims Benchmark Study. Staats PS, Hagedorn JM, Reece DE, Strand NH, Poree L Diaphragm Pacing: A Safety, Appropriateness, Financial Neutrality, and Efficacy Analysis of Treating Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency. Giberson CE, Cheshier SH, Poree LR, Saulino MF Holistic Treatment Response: An International Expert Panel Definition and Criteria for a New Paradigm in the Assessment of Clinical Outcomes of Spinal Cord Stimulation. Levy RM, Mekhail N, Abd-Elsayed A, Abejón D, Anitescu M, Deer TR, Eldabe S, Goudman L, Kallewaard JW, Moens M, Petersen EA, Pilitsis JG, Pope JE, Poree L, Raslan AM, Russo M, Sayed D, Staats PS, Taylor RS, Thomson S, Verrills P, Duarte RV How SAFE Is Real-world Use of Spinal Cord Stimulation Therapy for Chronic Pain? Shirvalkar P, Poree L Maintenance and Troubleshooting of Intrathecal Therapy for Pain. Ann Cai Shah, Gail L. McGlothlen, Lawrence Poree Impact of Long-Term Evoked Compound Action Potential Controlled Closed-Loop Spinal Cord Stimulation on Sleep Quality in Patients With Chronic Pain: An EVOKE Randomized Controlled Trial Study Subanalysis. Costandi S, Kapural L, Mekhail NA, Jotwani R, Bertisch SM, Li S, Petersen E, Abejon D, Poree L, Ouyang Z, Venkatesan L, Mekhail MN, Gilligan CJ Using evoked compound action potentials to quantify differential neural activation with burst and conventional, 40 Hz spinal cord stimulation in ovines. Dinsmoor DA, Usoro JO, Barka ND, Billstrom TM, Litvak LM, Poree LR O067 / #720 DEVICE PERFORMANCE IN OPEN-LOOP SCS AND EFFECTS ON PAIN RELIEF AT 24-MONTHS TRACK 1: SPINAL CORD STIMULATION, BEST PRACTICES, AND STUDIES. Lawrence Poree, Angela Leitner, Zhonghua Ouyang, Sean Li, Jan Willem Kallewaard, Leonardo Kapural O129 / #846 GLOSSARY OF NEUROSTIMULATION TERMINOLOGY: A COLLABORATIVE NEUROMODULATION FOUNDATION, INSTITUTE OF NEUROMODULATION, AND INTERNATIONAL NEUROMODULATION SOCIETY PROJECT TRACK 3: VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION / TOOLS TO INFORM PATIENT CARE. Richard North, Scott Lempka, Yun Guan, Ellen Air, Lawrence Poree, Jane Shipley, Jeffrey Arle, Philippe Rigoard, Simon Thomson PO025 / #652 A REVIEW OF AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS IN THE DESIGN OF NEUROMODULATION THERAPIES E-POSTER VIEWING. Jeffrey Arle, Nagy Mekhail, Peter Staats, Steven Falowski, Peter Single, Lawrence Poree ID:16250 Two-Year Clinical and QoL Outcomes of the EVOKE Study for Chronic Pain. Steven Falowski, Lawrence Poree, Steven Rosen, Sean Li, Shrif Costandi, Farooq Qureshi, Christopher Gilmore ID:16336 Device Explant Disposition: An Institute of Neuromodulation Survey. Deborah Duricka, David Provenzano, Richard North, Pierre-Francois D'Haese, Lawrence Poree ID:16373 Prospective Multi-Center Study of a DTM™ SCS Derivative in Therapy-Naive Patients: Primary and 3-Month Outcomes. Jeff Peacock, David Provenzano, Michael Fishman, Kasra Amirdelfan, Todd Bromberg, Todd Schmidt, Thomas White, Prabhdeep Grewal, Rafael Justiz, Aaron Calodney, Amr El-Naggar, Binit Shah, MICHAEL ESPOSITO, Kliment Gatzinsky, Jan Willem Kallewaard, Lawrence Poree, Andrew Cleland, Jason Brown, Erin Theis ID:16419 Neuromodulation Education During Fellowship: Potential Barriers to Independent Practice and Cases Needed for Proficiency. Juliet Gaisey, Lawrence Poree, George Pasvankas ID:16043 24-Month AVALON Study Data Indicates Improved Pain Reduction With Decreased Opioid Use. Charles Brooker, Lawrence Poree Novel spinal cord stimulation system with a Battery-Free micro-implantable pulse generator. Malinowski MN, Heit G, Poree LR, Makous J, Amirdelfan K Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: Advances in Cutting Edge Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Neuromodulation, Neuroethics, Pain, Interventional Psychiatry, Epilepsy, and Traumatic Brain Injury. Wong JK, Deuschl G, Wolke R, Bergman H, Muthuraman M, Groppa S, Sheth SA, Bronte-Stewart HM, Wilkins KB, Petrucci MN, Lambert E, Kehnemouyi Y, Starr PA, Little S, Anso J, Gilron R, Poree L, Kalamangalam GP, Worrell GA, Miller KJ, Schiff ND, Butson CR, Henderson JM, Judy JW, Ramirez-Zamora A, Foote KD, Silburn PA, Li L, Oyama G, Kamo H, Sekimoto S, Hattori N, Giordano JJ, DiEuliis D, Shook JR, Doughtery DD, Widge AS, Mayberg HS, Cha J, Choi K, Heisig S, Obatusin M, Opri E, Kaufman SB, Shirvalkar P, Rozell CJ, Alagapan S, Raike RS, Bokil H, Green D, Okun MS Durability of Clinical and Quality-of-Life Outcomes of Closed-Loop Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Back and Leg Pain: A Secondary Analysis of the Evoke Randomized Clinical Trial. Mekhail N, Levy RM, Deer TR, Kapural L, Li S, Amirdelfan K, Hunter CW, Rosen SM, Costandi SJ, Falowski SM, Burgher AH, Pope JE, Gilmore CA, Qureshi FA, Staats PS, Scowcroft J, McJunkin T, Carlson J, Kim CK, Yang MI, Stauss T, Pilitsis J, Poree L, Evoke Study Group, Brounstein D, Gilbert S, Gmel GE, Gorman R, Gould I, Hanson E, Karantonis DM, Khurram A, Leitner A, Mugan D, Obradovic M, Ouyang Z, Parker J, Single P, Soliday N Response to: A Clinical Feasibility Study of Spinal Evoked Compound Action Potential Estimation Methods. Mekhail N, Poree L Glossary of Neurostimulation Terminology: A Collaborative Neuromodulation Foundation, Institute of Neuromodulation, and International Neuromodulation Society Project. North RB, Lempka SF, Guan Y, Air EL, Poree LR, Shipley J, Arle J, Rigoard P, Thomson S Sustained Long-Term Outcomes With Closed-Loop Spinal Cord Stimulation: 12-Month Results of the Prospective, Multicenter, Open-Label Avalon Study. Marc Russo, Charles Brooker, Michael J Cousins, Nathan Taylor, Tillman Boesel, Richard Sullivan, Lewis Holford, Erin Hanson, Gerrit Eduard Gmel, Nastaran Hesam Shariati, Lawrence Poree, John Parker Epidural Spinal Electrogram Provides Direct Spinal Recordings in Awake Human Participants. Burke JF, Kunwar N, Yaroshinsky MS, Louie KH, Shirvalkar P, Su P, Henry M, Pasvankas G, Poree L, Jacques L, Wang DD Emerging Therapies for the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Po-Yi Paul Su, Shikha Sharma, Prasad Shirvalkar, Lawrence Poree Closing the gap in representation of racial and ethnic minorities in pain medicine: A 2018-2019 status report. Odonkor CA, Tucker-Bartley A, Leitner B, Chude C, Hirani S, Poree L ECAP-Controlled Closed-Loop Spinal Cord Stimulation Efficacy and Opioid Reduction Over 24-Months: Final Results of the Prospective, Multicenter, Open-Label Avalon Study. Brooker C, Russo M, Cousins MJ, Taylor N, Holford L, Martin R, Boesel T, Sullivan R, Hanson E, Gmel GE, Shariati NH, Poree L, Parker J Diversity of Pain Medicine Trainees and Faculty in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Fellowship Training from 2009-2019. Odonkor CA, Leitner B, Taraben S, Adekoya P, Orhurhu V, Hirani S, Ike K, Lee R, Vanterpool S, Goree JH, Sully K, Poree L Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Spinal Cord Stimulation Among the Medicare Population. Jones MR, Orhurhu V, O'Gara B, Brovman EY, Rao N, Vanterpool SG, Poree L, Gulati A, Urman RD Vagus nerve stimulation in rheumatoid arthritis. Staats PS, Poree L Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Pain, Headache and co-morbid depression: INS-NANS Expert Consensus Panel Review and Recommendation. Brian Kopell, Albert Leung, Robert Levy, Lawrence Poree, Eric Wasserman, Post-Traumatic Brain Injury Headache Task Group, Maheen Mausoof Adamson, Mark L. Ettenhofer, Jie Liu, Paul Sargent Sustained Long-Term Outcomes With Closed-Loop Spinal Cord Stimulation: 12-Month Results of the Prospective, Multicenter, Open-Label Avalon Study. Russo M, Brooker C, Cousins MJ, Taylor N, Boesel T, Sullivan R, Holford L, Hanson E, Gmel GE, Shariati NH, Poree L, Parker J Behavioral Survey of Effects of Pulsed Radiofrequency on Neuropathic and Nociceptive Pain in Rats: Treatment Profile and Device Implantation. Huang RY, Poree L, Ho KY, Tsai SY, Liu YC, Tan PH, Wen YR The Impact of Age on the Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. Mekhail NA, Costandi SJ, Armanyous S, Vallejo R, Poree LR, Brown LL, Golovac S, Deer TR Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Pain, Headache, and Comorbid Depression: INS-NANS Expert Consensus Panel Review and Recommendation. Leung A, Shirvalkar P, Chen R, Kuluva J, Vaninetti M, Bermudes R, Poree L, Wassermann EM, Kopell B, Levy R, and the Expert Consensus Panel Cost-Effectiveness of Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation or Spinal Cord Stimulation for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Mekhail N, Deer TR, Poree L, Staats PS, Burton AW, Connolly AT, Karst E, Mehanny DS, Saweris Y, Levy RM Long-term safety and efficacy of closed-loop spinal cord stimulation to treat chronic back and leg pain (Evoke): a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Mekhail N, Levy RM, Deer TR, Kapural L, Li S, Amirdelfan K, Hunter CW, Rosen SM, Costandi SJ, Falowski SM, Burgher AH, Pope JE, Gilmore CA, Qureshi FA, Staats PS, Scowcroft J, Carlson J, Kim CK, Yang MI, Stauss T, Poree L, Evoke Study Group Therapy Habituation at 12 Months: Spinal Cord Stimulation Versus Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I and II. Levy RM, Mekhail N, Kramer J, Poree L, Amirdelfan K, Grigsby E, Staats P, Burton AW, Burgher AH, Scowcroft J, Golovac S, Kapural L, Paicius R, Pope J, Samuel S, McRoberts WP, Schaufele M, Kent AR, Raza A, Deer TR Physician Guidance on the Use of Off-Labeled Drugs in Intrathecal Drug Delivery Systems for Chronic Pain. Deer T, Kim P, Pope JE, Hayek S, McDowell G, Mekhail N, Diwan S, Saulino M, Moeschler S, Schultz D, Gritsenko K, Prager J, Peterson EA, Staats P, Poree L, Fishman MA, Vallejo R, Calodney A, Slavin K, de Leon Cassadala O, Levy R, Buvanendran A, Sitzman BT, Sayed D, Ferrante FM, Kloth D, Gilligan CJ, Kapural L, Kloster DR, Leong M, Rosenow JM, Lamer TJ, Stearns L Paresthesia-Free Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation: An ACCURATE Study Sub-Analysis. Mekhail N, Deer TR, Kramer J, Poree L, Amirdelfan K, Grigsby E, Staats P, Burton AW, Burgher AH, Scowcroft J, Golovac S, Kapural L, Paicius R, Pope J, Samuel S, McRoberts WP, Schaufele M, Kent AR, Raza A, Levy RM Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study Protocol Using Human Spinal Cord Recording Comparing Safety, Efficacy, and Neurophysiological Responses Between Patients Being Treated With Evoked Compound Action Potential-Controlled Closed-Loop Spinal Cord Sti Levy R, Deer TR, Poree L, Rosen SM, Kapural L, Amirdelfan K, Soliday N, Leitner A, Mekhail N Abstract #46: Stimulation Patterns: Convergence and Divergence of Neurophysiological Effects in Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS). Lawrence Poree, Peter S. Staats, Leo Lapural, Timothy R. Deer, James Makous, Jeff Kramer Abstract #48: Technology Advancements and System Design Elements in Miniaturized Spinal Cord Stimulation Systems. Robert Levy, Timothy R. Deer, Kasra Amirdelfan, Lawrence Poree, Leonardo Kapural, Lakshmi Narayan Mishra, Lee Hartley, Jeff Kramer, Peter S. Staats Comparison of Paresthesia Coverage of Patient's Pain: Dorsal Root Ganglion vs. Spinal Cord Stimulation. An ACCURATE Study Sub-Analysis. Deer TR, Levy RM, Kramer J, Poree L, Amirdelfan K, Grigsby E, Staats P, Burgher AH, Scowcroft J, Golovac S, Kapural L, Paicius R, Pope JE, Samuel S, Porter McRoberts W, Schaufele M, Burton AW, Raza A, Agnesi F, Mekhail N Implantable Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Pain and End of Life Care. Ann Cai Shah, Kenneth Ike, Lisa Stearns, Lawrence R. Poree Integrating Patient-Controlled Analgesia Using Implanted Intrathecal Pumps for Postoperative Pain Management: A Case Report. Peniche A, Poree L, Schumacher M, Yu X Chapter 44 Management Strategies for Chronic Pain. Keeley Dohmeier, Sailesh Arulkumar, Salim M. Hayek, Lawrence R. Poree Chapter 47 The Development of Algorithms for Pain Care Including Neuromodulation Therapies Introducing the SAFE Principles. Prasad Shirvalkar, Lawrence R. Poree, Elliot S. Krames Chapter 65 Evolution of the Spinal Delivery of Opiate Analgesics. Deepali Dhar, Lawrence R. Poree, Tony L. Yaksh Intrathecal Pump Malfunction: Flipped, Expired, Stalled, and Malfunctioned Valves and Rotors Leading to Under- and Over-Infusion. Kristen Noon, Lawrence R. Poree, Kenneth Ike, R. Carter W. Jones Introduction. Lawrence R. Poree List of Contributors of Volume 2. Al-Kaisy Adnan, Andreas Alexopoulos, Kenneth M. Alo, Ron L. Alterman, Arun Amar, Pablo Andrade, Sailesh Arulkumar, Ahmed J. Awad, Gordon Baltuch, Giancarlo Barolat, Ernest J. Barthélemy, Neil U. Barua, Maria E. Bennett, Nicole Bentley, Yarema B. Bezchlibnyk, Kelly R. Bijanki, William Bingaman, Joseph W. Boggs, Paul Boon, Brigitte A. Brouwer, Lucas W. Campos, Anthony Caparso, Annamaria Capozzo, John Chae, Jin Woo Chang, Jennifer Cheng, David Copenhaver, Timothy R. Deer, Milind Deogaonkar, Deepali Dhar, Keeley Dohmeier, Darin D. Dougherty, Dominique M. Durand, Kelly Foote, Jeffrey Gilligan, Steven S. Gill, Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez, Benjamin D. Greenberg, Robert E. Gross, Michael H. Pourfar, Clement Hamani, Salim M. Hayek, Paul E. Holtzheimer, Brian M. Ilfeld, Haiyan Jin, Bert Joosten, Na Young Jung, Chong H. Kim, Young Goo Kim, Martin Klehr, Paul Koch, Sina Kohl, Brian H. Kopell, Daniel Kramer, Elliot S. Krames, Balu Krishnan, Vibhor Krishna, Jens Kuhn, Jason Kyung-soo Hong, Kapural Leonardo, Michael S. Leong, Dianyou Li, Andreas A. Linninger, Nir Lipsman, Charles Liu, Andres M. Lozano, Michael Mackow, Mark N. Malinowski, Helen S. Mayberg, Paolo Mazzone, Ankit I. Mehta, Vivek Mehta, Reversa Mills-Joseph, Dileep Nair, Richard B. North, Michael Okun, Nikunj K. Patel, Parag G. Patil, Jason E. Pope, Lawrence R. Poree, Joshua P. Prager, Robrecht Raedt, Jonathan J. Rasouli, Serge Rasskazoff, Richard Rauck, Kevin Reeves, Ali R. Rezai, Jonathan Russin, Abraham Sabersky, Michael Saulino, Eugenio Scarnati, Stefan Schu, Mayur Sharma, Jane Shipley, Prasad Shirvalkar, Konstantin V. Slavin, Michael Stanton-Hicks, Scellig Stone, William A. Stuart, Bomin Sun, Kevin Tangen, Stewart J. Tepper, Maarten van Kleef, Tim Vancamp, Paul Verrills, Fabio Viselli, Veerle Visser-Vandewalle, Flora Vitale, Kristl Vonck, Tao Wang, Xuelian Wang, Richard L. Weiner, Alik S. Widge, Amorn Wongsarnpigoon, Alon Y. Mogilner, Kurt A. Yaeger, Tony L. Yaksh, Dali Yin, Kristina Zeljic, Chencheng Zhang, Shikun Zhan Effective Relief of Pain and Associated Symptoms With Closed-Loop Spinal Cord Stimulation System: Preliminary Results of the Avalon Study. Russo M, Cousins MJ, Brooker C, Taylor N, Boesel T, Sullivan R, Poree L, Shariati NH, Hanson E, Parker J Intrathecal catheter-associated inflammatory mass in a neurofibromatosis type-1 patient receiving fentanyl and bupivacaine. Southwell DG, Osorio JA, Liverman CS, Friedman LM, Naidu RK, Poree LR, Henry MM, Jacques L Treatment Options for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome Patients With Refractory Chronic Pain: An Evidence Based Approach. Amirdelfan K, Webster L, Poree L, Sukul V, McRoberts P Dorsal root ganglion stimulation yielded higher treatment success rate for complex regional pain syndrome and causalgia at 3 and 12 months: a randomized comparative trial. Deer TR, Levy RM, Kramer J, Poree L, Amirdelfan K, Grigsby E, Staats P, Burton AW, Burgher AH, Obray J, Scowcroft J, Golovac S, Kapural L, Paicius R, Kim C, Pope J, Yearwood T, Samuel S, McRoberts WP, Cassim H, Netherton M, Miller N, Schaufele M, Tavel E, Davis T, Davis K, Johnson L, Mekhail N The Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference (PACC): Recommendations on Intrathecal Drug Infusion Systems Best Practices and Guidelines. Deer TR, Pope JE, Hayek SM, Bux A, Buchser E, Eldabe S, De Andrés JA, Erdek M, Patin D, Grider JS, Doleys DM, Jacobs MS, Yaksh TL, Poree L, Wallace MS, Prager J, Rauck R, DeLeon O, Diwan S, Falowski SM, Gazelka HM, Kim P, Leong M, Levy RM, McDowell G, McRoberts P, Naidu R, Narouze S, Perruchoud C, Rosen SM, Rosenberg WS, Saulino M, Staats P, Stearns LJ, Willis D, Krames E, Huntoon M, Mekhail N Are Bolus Dosing Strategies the Intrathecal Version of Novel Waveforms With Spinal Cord Stimulation? Pope J, McRoberts WP, Deer T, Poree L Consent Decree: Physician and Institution Ramifications? Pope J, Poree L, McRoberts WP, Falowski S, Deer T Spinal Targets for Interventional Pain Management. Lawrence R. Poree, Linda L. Wolbers The appropriate use of neurostimulation of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system for the treatment of chronic pain and ischemic diseases: the Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee. Deer TR, Mekhail N, Provenzano D, Pope J, Krames E, Leong M, Levy RM, Abejon D, Buchser E, Burton A, Buvanendran A, Candido K, Caraway D, Cousins M, DeJongste M, Diwan S, Eldabe S, Gatzinsky K, Foreman RD, Hayek S, Kim P, Kinfe T, Kloth D, Kumar K, Rizvi S, Lad SP, Liem L, Linderoth B, Mackey S, McDowell G, McRoberts P, Poree L, Prager J, Raso L, Rauck R, Russo M, Simpson B, Slavin K, Staats P, Stanton-Hicks M, Verrills P, Wellington J, Williams K, North R, Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee The appropriate use of neurostimulation: avoidance and treatment of complications of neurostimulation therapies for the treatment of chronic pain. Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee. Deer TR, Mekhail N, Provenzano D, Pope J, Krames E, Thomson S, Raso L, Burton A, DeAndres J, Buchser E, Buvanendran A, Liem L, Kumar K, Rizvi S, Feler C, Abejon D, Anderson J, Eldabe S, Kim P, Leong M, Hayek S, McDowell G, Poree L, Brooks ES, McJunkin T, Lynch P, Kapural L, Foreman RD, Caraway D, Alo K, Narouze S, Levy RM, North R, Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee The appropriate use of neurostimulation: new and evolving neurostimulation therapies and applicable treatment for chronic pain and selected disease states. Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee. Deer TR, Krames E, Mekhail N, Pope J, Leong M, Stanton-Hicks M, Golovac S, Kapural L, Alo K, Anderson J, Foreman RD, Caraway D, Narouze S, Linderoth B, Buvanendran A, Feler C, Poree L, Lynch P, McJunkin T, Swing T, Staats P, Liem L, Williams K, Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee Epidural hematomas after removal of percutaneous spinal cord stimulator trial leads: two case reports. Giberson CE, Barbosa J, Brooks ES, McGlothlen GL, Grigsby EJ, Kohut JJ, Wolbers LL, Poree LR Spinal cord stimulation as treatment for complex regional pain syndrome should be considered earlier than last resort therapy. Poree L, Krames E, Pope J, Deer TR, Levy R, Schultz L Spinal Targets for Interventional Pain Management. Lawrence R. Poree, Linda L. Wolbers Using the SAFE principles when evaluating electrical stimulation therapies for the pain of failed back surgery syndrome. Krames ES, Monis S, Poree L, Deer T, Levy R NANS Training Requirements for Spinal Cord Stimulation Devices: Selection, Implantation, and Follow-up. Henderson JM, Levy RM, Bedder MD, Staats PS, Slavin KV, Poree LR, North RB Implementing the SAFE Principles for the Development of Pain Medicine Therapeutic Algorithms That Include Neuromodulation Techniques. Krames E, Poree L, Deer T, Levy R Rethinking algorithms of pain care: the use of the S.A.F.E. principles. Krames E, Poree LR, Deer T, Levy R The analgesic potency of dexmedetomidine is enhanced after nerve injury: a possible role for peripheral alpha2-adrenoceptors. Poree LR, Guo TZ, Kingery WS, Maze M Antinociceptive response to nitrous oxide is mediated by supraspinal opiate and spinal alpha 2 adrenergic receptors in the rat. Guo TZ, Poree L, Golden W, Stein J, Fujinaga M, Maze M Interaction between medullary and cervical regulation of renal sympathetic activity. Poree LR, Schramm LP Role of cervical neurons in propriospinal inhibition of thoracic dorsal horn neurons. Poree LR, Schramm LP Corticotropin-releasing factor inhibits the response of trigeminal neurons to noxious heat. Poree LR, Dickenson AH, Wei ET Anti-inflammatory activity of corticotropin releasing factor: II. Mechanisms of action. Kiang JG, Poree L, Wei ET