Biography Dr. Leung is the director of the Perioperative Medicine Research Group based at the University of San Francisco, Parnassus site. The group conducts outcomes research in older surgical patients. Our recent work focuses on identifying the pathophysiology of postoperative delirium and cognitive decline using prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. Role Faculty Location UCSF at Parnassus Category Clinical Research Education Research fellowship, 1988 - Cardiac Anesthesia, University of California, San FranciscoResidency, 1987 - Anesthesia, University of California, San FranciscoM.D., 1984 - School of Medicine, Stanford University Publications 2025 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Advisory for Perioperative Care of Older Adults Scheduled for Inpatient Surgery. Sieber F, McIsaac DI, Deiner S, Azefor T, Berger M, Hughes C, Leung JM, Maldon J, McSwain JR, Neuman MD, Russell MM, Tang V, Whitlock E, Whittington R, Marbella AM, Agarkar M, Ramirez S, Dyer A, Friel Blanck J, Uhl S, Grant MD, Domino KB Multi-level social determinants of health, inflammation, and postoperative delirium in older adults. Vasunilashorn SM, Wolfson E, Berger M, Leung J, Ware EB, Baccarelli A, Jones RN, Ngo LH, Marcantonio ER, Inouye SK, Kind AJH Plasma SOMAmer proteomics of postoperative delirium. Leung JM, Rojas JC, Sands LP, Chan B, Rajbanshi B, Du Z, Du P, Perioperative Medicine Research group Early immune factors associated with the development of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized and non-hospitalized individuals. Leung JM, Wu MJ, Kheradpour P, Chen C, Drake KA, Tong G, Ridaura VK, Zisser HC, Conrad WA, Hudson N, Allen J, Welberry C, Parsy-Kowalska C, Macdonald I, Tapson VF, Moy JN, deFilippi CR, Rosas IO, Basit M, Krishnan JA, Parthasarathy S, Prabhakar BS, Salvatore M, Kim CC Assessing patterns of delirium symptoms reveals a novel subtype among elective surgical patients with postoperative delirium. Yang L, Do Q, Zhu X, Leung JM, Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Sands LP Distinct temporal trajectories and risk factors for Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chen C, Parthasarathy S, Leung JM, Wu MJ, Drake KA, Ridaura VK, Zisser HC, Conrad WA, Tapson VF, Moy JN, deFilippi CR, Rosas IO, Prabhakar BS, Basit M, Salvatore M, Krishnan JA, Kim CC Multi-omic profiling reveals early immunological indicators for identifying COVID-19 Progressors. Drake KA, Talantov D, Tong GJ, Lin JT, Verheijden S, Katz S, Leung JM, Yuen B, Krishna V, Wu MJ, Sutherland AM, Short SA, Kheradpour P, Mumbach MR, Franz KM, Trifonov V, Lucas MV, Merson J, Kim CC, PRESCO Study Group Presence of Preoperative Neurodegeneration Biofluid Markers in Patients with Postoperative Delirium. Leung JM, Rojas JC, Tang C, Chan B, Lario-Lago A, Boxer AL, Do Q, Kramer JH, Du Z, Du P, Sands LP, Perioperative Medicine Research Group Fine structure and molecular characterization of two new parabasalid species that naturally colonize laboratory mice, Tritrichomonas musculus and Tritrichomonas casperi. Tuzlak L, Alves-Ferreira EVC, Schwartz CL, Kennard A, Leung JM, Shehata C, Grigg ME Genetically diverse mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection reproduce clinical variation in type I interferon and cytokine responses in COVID-19. Robertson SJ, Bedard O, McNally KL, Shaia C, Clancy CS, Lewis M, Broeckel RM, Chiramel AI, Shannon JG, Sturdevant GL, Rosenke R, Anzick SL, Forte E, Preuss C, Baker CN, Harder JM, Brunton C, Munger S, Bruno DP, Lack JB, Leung JM, Shamsaddini A, Gardina P, Sturdevant DE, Sun J, Martens C, Holland SM, Rosenthal NA, Best SM Multi-omic Profiling Reveals Early Immunological Indicators for Identifying COVID-19 Progressors. Drake KA, Talantov D, Tong GJ, Lin JT, Verheijden S, Katz S, Leung JM, Yuen B, Krishna V, Wu MJ, Sutherland A, Short SA, Kheradpour P, Mumbach M, Franz K, Trifonov V, Lucas MV, Merson J, Kim CC, PRESCO Study Group Genetically diverse mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection reproduce clinical variation in type I interferon and cytokine responses in COVID-19. Robertson S, Bedard O, McNally K, Shaia C, Clancy C, Lewis M, Broeckel R, Chiramel A, Shannon JG, Sturdevant G, Rosenke R, Anzick SL, Forte E, Preuss C, Baker C, Harder J, Brunton C, Munger SC, Bruno DP, Lack JB, Leung JM, Shamsaddini A, Gardina P, Sturdevant D, Sun J, Martens C, Holland S, Rosenthal N, Best S Sleep Loss the night before surgery and incidence of postoperative delirium in adults 65-95 years of age. Leung JM, Tang C, Do Q, Sands LP, Tran D, Lee KA, Perioperative Medicine Research Group Replicating RNA vaccination elicits an unexpected immune response that efficiently protects mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus challenge. Leventhal SS, Meade-White K, Rao D, Haddock E, Leung J, Scott D, Archer J, Randall S, Erasmus JH, Feldmann H, Hawman DW Lidocaine Infusion for the Management of Postoperative Pain and Delirium (LIMPP): protocol for a randomised control trial. Buren MA, Theologis A, Zuraek A, Behrends M, Clark AJ, Leung JM KIBRA, MTNR1B, and FKBP5 genotypes are associated with decreased odds of incident delirium in elderly post-surgical patients. Terrelonge M, LaHue SC, Tang C, Movsesyan I, Pullinger CR, Dubal DB, Leung J, Douglas VC Postoperative delirium prediction using machine learning models and preoperative electronic health record data. Bishara A, Chiu C, Whitlock EL, Douglas VC, Lee S, Butte AJ, Leung JM, Donovan AL A pigtailed macaque model of Kyasanur Forest disease virus and Alkhurma hemorrhagic disease virus pathogenesis. Broeckel RM, Feldmann F, McNally KL, Chiramel AI, Sturdevant GL, Leung JM, Hanley PW, Lovaglio J, Rosenke R, Scott DP, Saturday G, Bouamr F, Rasmussen AL, Robertson SJ, Best SM Further Insight into the Mechanism of Human PMN Lysis following Phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus. Rungelrath V, Porter AR, Malachowa N, Freedman BA, Leung JM, Voyich JM, Otto M, Kobayashi SD, DeLeo FR Rottlerin inhibits La Crosse virus-induced encephalitis in mice and blocks release of replicating virus from the Golgi body in neurons. Ojha D, Winkler CW, Leung JM, Woods TA, Chen CZ, Nair V, Taylor K, Yeh CD, Tawa GJ, Larson CL, Zheng W, Haigh CL, Peterson KE Midazolam Premedication Immediately Before Surgery Is Not Associated With Early Postoperative Delirium. Wang ML, Min J, Sands LP, Leung JM, the Perioperative Medicine Research Group The Impact of Surgery duration and Surgery End Time on Postoperative Sleep in Older Adults. Tran D, Tang C, Tabatabai S, Pleasants D, Choukalas C, Min J, Do Q, Sands L, Lee K, Leung JM Obesity and perioperative outcomes in older surgical patients undergoing elective spine and major arthroplasty surgery. Tabatabai S, Do Q, Min J, Tang CJ, Pleasants D, Sands LP, Du P, Leung JM Prion-induced photoreceptor degeneration begins with misfolded prion protein accumulation in cones at two distinct sites: cilia and ribbon synapses. Striebel JF, Race B, Leung JM, Schwartz C, Chesebro B Does postoperative delirium following elective noncardiac surgery predict long-term mortality? Ziman N, Sands LP, Tang C, Zhu J, Leung JM ADAPT-2: A Randomized Clinical Trial to Reduce Intraoperative EEG Suppression in Older Surgical Patients Undergoing Major Noncardiac Surgery. Tang CJ, Jin Z, Sands LP, Pleasants D, Tabatabai S, Hong Y, Leung JM American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on Postoperative Delirium Prevention. Hughes CG, Boncyk CS, Culley DJ, Fleisher LA, Leung JM, McDonagh DL, Gan TJ, McEvoy MD, Miller TE, Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) 6 Workgroup ADAPT-2: A Randomized Clinical Trial to Reduce Intraoperative EEG Suppression in Older Surgical Patients Undergoing Major Noncardiac Surgery. Tang CJ, Jin Z, Sands LP, Pleasants D, Tabatabai S, Hong Y, Leung JM Adherence to recommended practices for perioperative anesthesia care for older adults among US anesthesiologists: results from the ASA Committee on Geriatric Anesthesia-Perioperative Brain Health Initiative ASA member survey. Deiner S, Fleisher LA, Leung JM, Peden C, Miller T, Neuman MD, ASA Committee on Geriatric Anesthesia and the ASA Perioperative Brain Health Initiative Processed Electroencephalogram Monitoring and Postoperative Delirium: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. MacKenzie KK, Britt-Spells AM, Sands LP, Leung JM Volatile anaesthetics and postoperative delirium in older surgical patients-A secondary analysis of prospective cohort studies. Kinjo S, Lim E, Magsaysay MV, Sands LP, Leung JM, Perioperative Medicine Research Group Perioperative Gabapentin Does Not Reduce Postoperative Delirium in Older Surgical Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Leung JM, Sands LP, Chen N, Ames C, Berven S, Bozic K, Burch S, Chou D, Covinsky K, Deviren V, Kinjo S, Kramer JH, Ries M, Tay B, Vail T, Weinstein P, Chang S, Meckler G, Newman S, Tsai T, Voss V, Youngblom E, Perioperative Medicine Research Group Validation of a Nurse-Based Delirium-Screening Tool for Hospitalized Patients. Hargrave A, Bastiaens J, Bourgeois JA, Neuhaus J, Josephson SA, Chinn J, Lee M, Leung J, Douglas V Burst-suppression ratio underestimates absolute duration of electroencephalogram suppression compared with visual analysis of intraoperative electroencephalogram. Muhlhofer WG, Zak R, Kamal T, Rizvi B, Sands LP, Yuan M, Zhang X, Leung JM The Feasibility and Utility of Continuous Sleep Monitoring in Critically Ill Patients Using a Portable Electroencephalography Monitor. Vacas S, McInrue E, Gropper MA, Maze M, Zak R, Lim E, Leung JM Preoperative Sleep Disruption and Postoperative Delirium. Leung JM, Sands LP, Newman S, Meckler G, Xie Y, Gay C, Lee K Prognostic Significance of Postoperative Subsyndromal Delirium. Shim J, DePalma G, Sands LP, Leung JM Impact of intraoperative hypotension and blood pressure fluctuations on early postoperative delirium after non-cardiac surgery. Hirsch J, DePalma G, Tsai TT, Sands LP, Leung JM Sensitivity and specificity of the animal fluency test for predicting postoperative delirium. Long LS, Wolpaw JT, Leung JM American Geriatrics Society abstracted clinical practice guideline for postoperative delirium in older adults. American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults Postoperative delirium in older adults: best practice statement from the American Geriatrics Society. American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults The temporal relationship between early postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older patients: a prospective cohort study. Youngblom E, DePalma G, Sands L, Leung J Does preoperative risk for delirium moderate the effects of postoperative pain and opiate use on postoperative delirium? Leung JM, Sands LP, Lim E, Tsai TL, Kinjo S Association between intraoperative blood transfusions and early postoperative delirium in older adults. Behrends M, DePalma G, Sands L, Leung J Impact of missing data on analysis of postoperative cognitive decline (POCD). DeCrane SK, Sands LP, Young KM, DePalma G, Leung JM An update on delirium in the postoperative setting: prevention, diagnosis and management. Shim JJ, Leung JM A brief review of practical preoperative cognitive screening tools. Long LS, Shapiro WA, Leung JM Does using a femoral nerve block for total knee replacement decrease postoperative delirium? Kinjo S, Lim E, Sands LP, Bozic KJ, Leung JM Prediction of postoperative pain using path analysis in older patients. Kinjo S, Sands LP, Lim E, Paul S, Leung JM Perioperative cognitive decline in the aging population. Terrando N, Brzezinski M, Degos V, Eriksson LI, Kramer JH, Leung JM, Miller BL, Seeley WW, Vacas S, Weiner MW, Yaffe K, Young WL, Xie Z, Maze M Factors associated with recovery from early postoperative delirium. DeCrane SK, Sands L, Ashland M, Lim E, Tsai TL, Paul S, Leung JM Brief report: preoperative frailty in older surgical patients is associated with early postoperative delirium. Leung JM, Tsai TL, Sands LP Postoperative delirium: are there modifiable risk factors? Leung JM Long-term cognitive decline: is there a link to surgery and anesthesia? Leung JM, Sands LP Does postoperative delirium limit the use of patient-controlled analgesia in older surgical patients? Leung JM, Sands LP, Paul S, Joseph T, Kinjo S, Tsai T Apolipoprotein E e4 allele increases the risk of early postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Leung JM, Sands LP, Wang Y, Poon A, Kwok PY, Kane JP, Pullinger CR The effects of postoperative pain and its management on postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Wang Y, Sands LP, Vaurio L, Mullen EA, Leung JM Histologic assessment of right atrial appendage myocardium in patients with atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Nakai T, Chandy J, Nakai K, Bellows WH, Flachsbart K, Lee RJ, Leung JM Pilot clinical trial of gabapentin to decrease postoperative delirium in older patients. Leung JM, Sands LP, Rico M, Petersen KL, Rowbotham MC, Dahl JB, Ames C, Chou D, Weinstein P Nitrous oxide does not change the incidence of postoperative delirium or cognitive decline in elderly surgical patients. Leung JM, Sands LP, Vaurio LE, Wang Y Postoperative delirium: the importance of pain and pain management. Vaurio LE, Sands LP, Wang Y, Mullen EA, Leung JM The role of postoperative analgesia in delirium and cognitive decline in elderly patients: a systematic review. Fong HK, Sands LP, Leung JM Are preoperative depressive symptoms associated with postoperative delirium in geriatric surgical patients? Leung JM, Sands LP, Mullen EA, Wang Y, Vaurio L Post-CABG dobutamine stress echocardiography. Leung JM, Bellows WH Impairment of left atrial function predicts post-operative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Leung JM, Bellows WH, Schiller NB Does intraoperative evaluation of left ventricular contractile reserve predict myocardial viability? A clinical study using dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Leung JM, Bellows WH, Pastor D Increases in P-wave dispersion predict postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Chandy J, Nakai T, Lee RJ, Bellows WH, Dzankic S, Leung JM The prevalence of preoperative diastolic filling abnormalities in geriatric surgical patients. Phillip B, Pastor D, Bellows W, Leung JM Prognostic significance of postoperative in-hospital complications in elderly patients. I. Long-term survival. Manku K, Bacchetti P, Leung JM Prognostic significance of postoperative in-hospital complications in elderly patients. II. Long-term quality of life. Manku K, Leung JM Preoperative electrocardiogram abnormalities do not predict postoperative cardiac complications in geriatric surgical patients. Liu LL, Dzankic S, Leung JM Comparison of left atrial dimensions by transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography. Block M, Hourigan L, Bellows WH, Reeves J, Romson JL, Tran M, Pastor D, Schiller NB, Leung JM The relative importance of left atrial function versus dimension in predicting atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Nakai T, Lee RJ, Schiller NB, Bellows WH, Dzankic S, Reeves J, Romson J, Ferguson S, Leung JM The prevalence and predictors of the use of alternative medicine in presurgical patients in five California hospitals. Leung JM, Dzankic S, Manku K, Yuan S Relative importance of preoperative health status versus intraoperative factors in predicting postoperative adverse outcomes in geriatric surgical patients. Leung JM, Dzankic S The prevalence and predictive value of abnormal preoperative laboratory tests in elderly surgical patients. Dzankic S, Pastor D, Gonzalez C, Leung JM Electrocardiographic ST-segment changes during acute, severe isovolemic hemodilution in humans. Leung JM, Weiskopf RB, Feiner J, Hopf HW, Kelley S, Viele M, Lieberman J, Watson J, Noorani M, Pastor D, Yeap H, Ho R, Toy P Predicting adverse postoperative outcomes in patients aged 80 years or older. Liu LL, Leung JM Critical oxygen delivery in conscious humans is less than 7.3 ml O2 x kg(-1) x min(-1). Lieberman JA, Weiskopf RB, Kelley SD, Feiner J, Noorani M, Leung J, Toy P, Viele M Effects of dobutamine on hemodynamics and left ventricular performance after cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgical patients. Romson JL, Leung JM, Bellows WH, Bronstein M, Keith F, Moores W, Flachsbart K, Richter R, Pastor D, Fisher DM Automated electrocardiograph ST segment trending monitors: accuracy in detecting myocardial ischemia. Leung JM, Voskanian A, Bellows WH, Pastor D Dissociation between haemodynamics and sympathetic activation during anaesthetic induction with desfluranes. Leung JM, Pastor DA Human cardiovascular and metabolic response to acute, severe isovolemic anemia. Weiskopf RB, Viele MK, Feiner J, Kelley S, Lieberman J, Noorani M, Leung JM, Fisher DM, Murray WR, Toy P, Moore MA Transesophageal echocardiography in myocardial revascularization: I. Accuracy of intraoperative real-time interpretation. Bergquist BD, Leung JM, Bellows WH Transesophageal echocardiography in myocardial revascularization: II. Influence on intraoperative decision making. Bergquist BD, Bellows WH, Leung JM Effects of acadesine on the incidence of myocardial infarction and adverse cardiac outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) Research Group. Effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion in patients undergoing vascular surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. Talke P, Li J, Jain U, Leung J, Drasner K, Hollenberg M, Mangano DT Left ventricular end-systolic cavity obliteration as an estimate of intraoperative hypovolemia. Leung JM, Levine EH Relationship of the proinflammatory cytokines to myocardial ischemia and dysfunction after uncomplicated coronary revascularization. Hennein HA, Ebba H, Rodriguez JL, Merrick SH, Keith FM, Bronstein MH, Leung JM, Mangano DT, Greenfield LJ, Rankin JS Safety and efficacy of intravenous Carbicarb in patients undergoing surgery: comparison with sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of mild metabolic acidosis. SPI Research Group. Study of Perioperative Ischemia. Leung JM, Landow L, Franks M, Soja-Strzepa D, Heard SO, Arieff AI, Mangano DT An initial multicenter, randomized controlled trial on the safety and efficacy of acadesine in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. SPI Research Group. Leung JM, Stanley T, Mathew J, Curling P, Barash P, Salmenpera M, Reves JG, Hollenberg M, Mangano DT Safety of low-dose intraoperative bicarbonate therapy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized study. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group. Mark NH, Leung JM, Arieff AI, Mangano DT Clinical evidence of myocardial stunning in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Leung JM Effects of steal-prone anatomy on intraoperative myocardial ischemia. The SPI Research Group. Leung JM, Hollenberg M, O'Kelly BF, Kao A, Mangano DT Monitoring for myocardial ischemia during noncardiac surgery. A technology assessment of transesophageal echocardiography and 12-lead electrocardiography. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. Eisenberg MJ, London MJ, Leung JM, Browner WS, Hollenberg M, Tubau JF, Tateo IM, Schiller NB, Mangano DT The risk of myocardial ischemia in patients receiving desflurane versus sufentanil anesthesia for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The S.P.I. Research Group. Helman JD, Leung JM, Bellows WH, Pineda N, Roach GW, Reeves JD, Howse J, McEnany MT, Mangano DT Postoperative myocardial ischemia. Therapeutic trials using intensive analgesia following surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group. Mangano DT, Siliciano D, Hollenberg M, Leung JM, Browner WS, Goehner P, Merrick S, Verrier E The role of hemodynamics in perioperative myocardial ischemia. Leung JM Ventricular dysrhythmias in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: incidence, characteristics, and prognostic importance. Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group. Smith RC, Leung JM, Keith FM, Merrick S, Mangano DT Isoflurane anesthesia and myocardial ischemia: comparative risk versus sufentanil anesthesia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The SPI (Study of Perioperative Ischemia) Research Group. Leung JM, Goehner P, O'Kelly BF, Hollenberg M, Pineda N, Cason BA, Mangano DT Postoperative myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. S.P.I. Research Group. Smith RC, Leung JM, Mangano DT Relationship of regional wall motion abnormalities to hemodynamic indices of myocardial oxygen supply and demand in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Leung JM, O'Kelly BF, Mangano DT Prognostic importance of postbypass regional wall-motion abnormalities in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. SPI Research Group. Leung JM, O'Kelly B, Browner WS, Tubau J, Hollenberg M, Mangano DT Transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function. Leung JM, Schiller NB, Mangano DT
