Biography Nick brings experience from petaflop-scale supercomputers and software engineering roles in Silicon Valley to his work as a Data Scientist in the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care at UCSF. Since joining the department in 2018, he has applied this technical background to diverse research projects, spanning from deep learning and ensemble machine learning models for ICP prediction, to predictive modeling for acute kidney injury, to pragmatic clinical trial analyses. His recent work on the environmental impact of volatile anesthetics—analyzing over 2.7 billion rows of data—earned him the 2025 Kosaka Top Scholars Abstract Award from the International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS). Nick's primary research interests focus on responsibly building AI-powered models to assist in clinical prognostication. Specifically, he works on developing methods to account for systemic data disparities, optimizing the clinician-AI interface, and personalizing models to prioritize meaningful functional recovery, ultimately making them more patient-centered and individualized. As a key contributor to the Open Oximetry project, he led the aggregation and publication of a foundational open-access dataset that provides the global research community with resources to ensure pulse oximeter accuracy and reliability across all skin pigmentations. His clinical focus includes perioperative and critical care, particularly resuscitation science, ethics, and optimizing patient-centered decision-making and communication in end-of-life scenarios. Role Staff Category Research Education 05/2021 - Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training, University of California Publications Heterogeneity in the response to a high vs low mean arterial pressure target in patients with septic shock a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Pirracchio R, Fong N, Legrand M Intensive care medicine . Sep 17, 2025 Local adoption of norepinephrine as the first-line vasopressor in major noncardiac surgery: impact of a pragmatic clinical trial on real-world practice. Ansay C, Chawla SA, Fong N, Lin R, Chang JM, Whitlock EL, Kothari RP, Legrand M, Bokoch MP British journal of anaesthesia . Aug 16, 2025 Implicit bias in ICU electronic health record data: measurement frequencies and missing data rates of clinical variables. Shi J, Hubbard AE, Fong N, Pirracchio R BMC medical informatics and decision making . Jul 1, 2025 Association of age with extubation failure in neurocritical intensive care unit patients--Insight from an international prospective study named ENIO. van Vliet R, van Meenen DMP, Robba C, Cinotti R, Asehnoune K, Stevens RD, Battaglini D, Taran S, van der Jagt M, Taccone FS, Paulus F, Schultz MJ, ENIO investigators Journal of critical care . Apr 3, 2025 Open Access Dataset and Common Data Model for Pulse Oximeter Performance Data. Fong N, Lipnick MS, Behnke E, Chou Y, Elmankabadi S, Ortiz L, Almond CS, Auchus I, Burnett GW, Bisegerwa R, Conrad DR, Hendrickson CM, Hooli S, Kopotic R, Leeb G, Martin D, McCollum ED, Monk EP, Moore KL, Shmuylovich L, Scott JB, Wong AI, Zhou T, Pirracchio R, Bickler PE, Feiner J, Law TJ Scientific data . Apr 3, 2025 Postoperative Delirium in a Randomized Trial of Intraoperative Norepinephrine versus Phenylephrine Infusion. Phero A, Bokoch MP, Kothari R, Fong N, Chen D, Pirracchio R, Legrand M, Whitlock EL Anesthesiology . Jan 1, 2025 Design principles for accurate folding of DNA origami. Aksel T, J Navarro E, Fong N, Douglas SM Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . Nov 21, 2024 Open Access Data Repository and Common Data Model for Pulse Oximeter Performance Data. Fong N, Lipnick MS, Behnke E, Chou Y, Elmankabadi S, Ortiz L, Almond CS, Auchus I, Burnett GW, Bisegerwa R, Conrad DR, Hendrickson CM, Hooli S, Kopotic R, Leeb G, Martin D, McCollum ED, Monk EP, Moore KL, Shmuylovich L, Scott JB, Wong AI, Zhou T, Pirracchio R, Bickler PE, Feiner J, Law T medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences . Aug 31, 2024 Evaluating the Sum of Eye and Motor Components of the Glasgow Coma Score As a Predictor of Extubation Failure in Patients With Acute Brain Injury. Taran S, Perrot B, Angriman F, Cinotti R, Extubation strategies in Neuro-Intensive care unit patients and associations with Outcomes (ENIO) St, PROtective VENTilation network, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Critica, Atlanréa group, and the Société Française d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation (SFAR) research network, Extubation strategies in Neuro-Intensive care unit patients and associations with Outcomes (ENIO) St Critical Care Medicine . Apr 1, 2024 Design principles for accurate folding of DNA origami. Aksel T, Navarro EJ, Fong N, Douglas SM bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology . Mar 19, 2024 OpenOximetry Repository Fong, N., Lipnick, M., Bickler, P., Feiner, J., & Law, T. OpenOximetry Repository . Feb 27, 2024 Clinical practice and effect of carbon dioxide on outcomes in mechanically ventilated acute brain-injured patients: a secondary analysis of the ENIO study. Robba C, Battaglini D, Abbas A, Sarrió E, Cinotti R, Asehnoune K, Taccone FS, Rocco PR, Schultz MJ, Citerio G, Stevens RD, Badenes R, ENIO collaborators Intensive care medicine . Jan 31, 2024 Association between peripheral perfusion index and postoperative acute kidney injury in major noncardiac surgery patients receiving continuous vasopressors: a post hoc exploratory analysis of the VEGA-1 trial. Krone S, Bokoch MP, Kothari R, Fong N, Tallarico RT, Sturgess-DaPrato J, Pirracchio R, Zarbock A, Legrand M British journal of anaesthesia . Jan 18, 2024 IntraCranial pressure prediction AlgoRithm using machinE learning (I-CARE): Training and Validation Study. Fong N, Feng J, Hubbard A, Dang LE, Pirracchio R Critical care explorations . Dec 28, 2023 Postoperative thrombotic events following major surgery in patients with a history of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort analysis of commercially insured beneficiaries in the USA. Lazzareschi DV, Luo Y, Fong N, Boscardin J, Legrand M, Chen CL Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie . Dec 15, 2023 Development of a core outcome set for ventilation trials in neurocritical care patients with acute brain injury: protocol for a Delphi consensus study of international stakeholders. Digitale J, Burns G, Fong N, Boesel J, Robba C, Stevens RD, Cinotti R, Pirracchio R BMJ open . Sep 4, 2023 Risk factors of extubation failure in neurocritical patients with the most impaired consciousness. de Courson H, Massart N, Asehnoune K, Cinotti R, ENIO Study group Intensive care medicine . Aug 23, 2023 Individualized Thresholds of Hypoxemia and Hyperoxemia and their Effect on Outcome in Acute Brain Injured Patients: A Secondary Analysis of the ENIO Study. Robba C, Battaglini D, Cinotti R, Asehnoune K, Stevens R, Taccone FS, Badenes R, Pelosi P, ENIO Collaborators Neurocritical care . Jun 15, 2023 Availability of information needed to evaluate algorithmic fairness - A systematic review of publicly accessible critical care databases. Fong N, Langnas E, Law T, Reddy M, Lipnick M, Pirracchio R Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine . May 20, 2023 Leveraging observational data to identify targeted patient populations for future randomized trials. Lazzareschi DV, Fong N, Pirracchio R, Mathis MR, Legrand M Research square . May 5, 2023 Utilization of mechanical power and associations with clinical outcomes in brain injured patients: a secondary analysis of the extubation strategies in neuro-intensive care unit patients and associations with outcome (ENIO) trial. Wahlster S, Sharma M, Taran S, Town JA, Stevens RD, Cinotti R, Asehoune K, Pelosi P, Robba C, ENIO Study Group Collaborators Critical care (London, England) . Apr 20, 2023 Norepinephrine versus phenylephrine for treating hypotension during general anaesthesia in adult patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery: a multicentre, open-label, cluster-randomised, crossover, feasibility, and pilot trial. Legrand M, Kothari R, Fong N, Palaniappa N, Boldt D, Chen LL, Kurien P, Gabel E, Sturgess-DaPrato J, Harhay MO, Pirracchio R, Bokoch MP, VEGA-1 trial investigators British journal of anaesthesia . Mar 14, 2023 Intraoperative Use of Albumin in Major Noncardiac Surgery: Incidence, Variability, and Association With Outcomes. Lazzareschi DV, Fong N, Mavrothalassitis O, Whitlock EL, Chen CL, Chiu C, Adelmann D, Bokoch MP, Chen LL, Liu KD, Pirracchio R, Mathis MR, Legrand M, MPOG Collaborators Annals of surgery . Dec 14, 2022 Extubation in neurocritical care patients: the ENIO international prospective study. Cinotti R, Mijangos JC, Pelosi P, Haenggi M, Gurjar M, Schultz MJ, Kaye C, Godoy DA, Alvarez P, Ioakeimidou A, Ueno Y, Badenes R, Suei Elbuzidi AA, Piagnerelli M, Elhadi M, Reza ST, Azab MA, McCredie V, Stevens RD, Digitale JC, Fong N, Asehnoune K, ENIO Study Group, the PROtective VENTilation network, the European Society of Intensive Care Medicin Intensive care medicine . Aug 29, 2022 Differences in HADS and SF-36 scores 1 year after critical illness in COVID-19 patients. Tallarico RT, Deniau B, Fong N, Ghosn J, Legrand M, French-COVID and the FROG-ICU Investigators Intensive care medicine . Jul 8, 2022 Risk factors of long term symptoms and outcomes among patients discharged after covid-19: prospective, multicentre observational study. Legrand M, Fong N, Laouénan C, Ghosn J, Thill B, Faure K, Garot D, Goujard C, Curlier E, Resche-Rigon M, Rossignol P, Pirracchio R BMJ medicine . Jun 17, 2022 Fluids, vasopressors, and acute kidney injury after major abdominal surgery between 2015 and 2019: a multicentre retrospective analysis. Chiu C, Fong N, Lazzareschi D, Mavrothalassitis O, Kothari R, Chen LL, Pirracchio R, Kheterpal S, Domino KB, Mathis M, Legrand M British journal of anaesthesia . Jun 8, 2022 Opal: an implementation science tool for machine learning clinical decision support in anesthesia. Bishara A, Wong A, Wang L, Chopra M, Fan W, Lin A, Fong N, Palacharla A, Spinner J, Armstrong R, Pletcher MJ, Lituiev D, Hadley D, Butte A Journal of clinical monitoring and computing . Nov 27, 2021 Outcome of surgical patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in US hospitals. Mavrothalassitis O, Pirracchio R, Fong N, Lazzareschi D, Sharma A, Vaughn MT, Mathis M, Legrand M British journal of anaesthesia . Oct 1, 2021 Differences in clinical deterioration among three sub-phenotypes of COVID-19 patients at the time of first positive test: results from a clustering analysis. Data Science Collaborative Group Intensive care medicine . Oct 19, 2020
