Information for Volunteers:

Exclusion Criteria

Volunteer subjects should not partipicate in this study if they have:

• Lungs disease
• Heart disease
• Smoke

Subjects should reconsider if they:

• Get anxious easily

Reimbursement

Study subjects are currently reimbursed $50 for a study involving 13 samples and $75 for a study of 18 samples, due to the added length of the study.

Procedures In The Study

The first step of the study is placing a small (22 G) catheter in the artery of one wrist. This is done using local anesthesia to minimize the discomfort.

Subject's will then have pulse oximeters attached to fingers, sometimes ear lobes, occasionally toes. These are attached as a small clip or bandaid that goes over the nailbed. Thse insturments shine a light through the finger. Attachement and removal involves no discomfort.

Subject will have a nose clip placed on either side of the nostrils, so that he/she is forced to breath through the mouth.

Subject will then breath a special gas mixture through a moutpiece. The mouthpiece is similar to what is used on a snorkel.

Subjects will be asked to breath regularly, but more deeply and somewhat faster than normal as the gas mixture is adjusted to lower levels of oxygen.

Blood samples are removed from the catheter in the artery at various time points. This does not involved further invsive proceudres.

Each "run" involves 8-10 samples, takes about 15 minutes, and finishes when the subject breathes oxygen.

A comlete study consist of 2-3 "runs" depending on the number of samples.

The catheter in the wrist is removed at the end of the study, and pressure is held on the puncture site for 10 minutes.

Subjects are then free to leave. Normal activites are fine, but vigours activity of the arm where the catheter was placed should be avoided for several hours.

Consent

It is necessary to sign a consent for the study. The Microsoft Word document or pdf form should be read, so that we can take time to answer any questions.

Clincial Research

Participating in clincal research is voluntary. The following information in pdf form provides further information from the UCSF Committee on Human Research, as well as the Human Subjects Bill of Rights.